How to Make a Homemade Roman Candle

Underdetermination and holism Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Underdetermination and comprehensive quality - Coursework Example This reality from the historical backdrop of the development of science gives us that the issue that the issue of undeterminism of logical speculations raises is a main problem that can't be only excused as an instance of philosophical uncertainty. 2. A basic glance at Laudan’s proposed disintegration of undeterminism shows that the Laudan’s disintegration can be utilized with regards to logical authenticity. In his scrutinize of undeterminism, Laudan contended that researchers and rationalists utilize the term undeterminism in a free way. Laudan proceeded to contend that because of utilizing the term undeterminism in a free way, the researchers and rationalists amplify the issue of undeterminism in science than the issue is. For Laudan, logical speculations are not dubious as in the hypotheses are completely unsure as undeterminism hold, yet logical hypotheses are dubious just as in the speculations can't be totally confirmed by any arrangement of proof. For Laudan, albeit, logical speculations are not completely certain by any arrangement of proof, logical hypotheses, in any case, are testable and their decisions are conditional. Therefore, Laudan reasoned that logical hypotheses can give us objective, however p rovisional information. A basic glance at this view shows that Laudan’s disintegration of undeterminism can be utilized with regards to logical authenticity. This is on the grounds that logical authenticity hold the view that logical speculations are provisional and logical information, along these lines, is conditional; Laudan holds a similar view. 3. A basic glance at Dunhem’s issue shows that the issue doesn’t truly reach out to the Quinean comprehensive quality about rationale, arithmetic and science. This is on the grounds that Dunhem holds that logical speculations are dubious in light of the fact that it is difficult to test a logical theory or hypothesis in disconnection since logical hypotheses are interrelated and the trial of any logical

Essay on Civil Rights Movement

Essay on Civil Rights Movement Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s Jan 11, 2019 in History Introduction Long before the Civil Rights movement of 1960s making headlines, the black response to racial inequality and oppression was all underway. The blacks were no-longer tolerating with the dominant racial inequality showed to them by the whites. This resulted to the formation of Civil Rights movements which led to numerous rulings during the 1950s; in particular Brown vs. Board of education of Topeka, and actions from Civil Right leaders like Malcolm X, Rosa Parks, and Martin Luther King Jr. The civil rights movement led the nation to civil unrest and later, remarkable gains were achieved from it (Teaching Tolerance, 2005). The transformations made at that period shaped the U.S history significantly. Body The Civil Rights movements that occurred in 1960s were the results of events that happened in 1950s, for example, the case of Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka. The case was marked by a landmark ruling on the segregation of schools life (Farris, 2003). The Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public schools violated the rights established in the 14th Amendment. The case involved an eight year old girl, Linda Brown, and her parents argued that schools were innately unequal, and segregation had disastrous effects on children. These events led to the establishment of Civil Rights act, and the government was responsible for enforcing Civil Rights laws passed by Congress (Curtis, 1995). Likewise, the case on Rosa Parks, also known as the mother of the civil rights movement, transformed the US history when she refused to give up her seat to a white male (Litwack, 2009). This resulted in Dr. King organizing a bus boycott that lasted 382 days in Montgomery, Alabama. 90 per cent of pa rticipants of the boycott were Blacks. The Supreme Court finally ruled that segregation of bus city services was unconstitutional. The success of the boycott led to the development of nonviolent civil rights movement.

21st Century Segregation Are We Still Divided by Race

21st Century Segregation: Are We Still Divided by Race? Racial segregation was a concept that began in early history and is still prevalent in some societies today. It is often seen as a destructive forceful tactic of separating individuals based on their racial background. However, many new immigrants voluntarily choose to live in a segregated society. Segregation can be easily seen in certain communities where there is a concentration containing a particular racial group. The area where one lives significantly influences their overall quality of life as well as their job, education opportunities, formation of social relationships and networks or access to a mortgage. These aspects have an impact on socio-economic status and the†¦show more content†¦It sparked internal resistance and violence. The apartheid played a harsh role for black women as they suffered not only racial segregation but also gender discrimination. Employment was hard to find but for those who could find jobs, they worked as agriculture or domestic workers with very low pay. The controlled movement of black and coloured workers within the country through the pass laws separated family members from one another, because men usually worked in urban centres while women were forced to stay in rural areas. Pass laws were a form of internal passport system designed to segregate the population, mainly to limit the movement of the black population. Pass laws were one of the dominant features of the apartheid system. The black population were required to carry these pass books with them when outside their homelands or designated areas. Failure to produce a pass often resulted in the person being arrested. The apartheid was eventually abolished in 1991 with the repeal of the last remaining apartheid laws. Segregation may have both voluntary and involuntary causes, so residential segregation is not necessarily due to racism, although it may always seem like it. For many Chinese immigrants, the decision to reside in Chinatowns may be entirely voluntary. They will have better opportunities within their own ethnic neighbourhood and they can avoid the stigmatization by the white population. They come together to formShow MoreRelatedRacism And Prejudice : Racial Profiling1078 Words   |  5 PagesRacism and Prejudice Inflicted black communities since segregation and is still continues in today’s 21st century. The past and present assure us that history once again repeat itself with no difference. Americans has become divided to an expectation of what an American is. It seems that there has not been any solution to racial profiling. Unconsciously criminal’s assumptions are being beaten, violated, and murder over the decades. According to Thandisiwe Chimurenga, NO DOUBT THE MUR DER OF OSCARRead MoreThe Apartheid Of South Africa1333 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: According to my research if we study the history of South Africa all we could see is racial discrimination. Africa was all in control of Whites till 1994. South Africa got free from racial discrimination when Nelson Mandela took a step became the first black prime minister of South Africa. Contemporary South Africa is now economically strong and it is completely a racial free state. The contemporary South Africa is now in race with every state in every field. Before 1994 South AfricaRead More Racism: A Historical and Social Construct in America Essay2951 Words   |  12 Pagesup on the basis of race. Even many years ago European settlers looked down upon the Native Americans as inferior. Years later in today’s modern society, racism still exists, although we may not fully realize it. Many people are not aware of how much racism still exists in our schools workforces, and anywhere else where social lives are occurring. Using our sociological imagination, we are capable of appl ying the role of race to any situation. However, in some situations, race does not play a covertRead MoreSouls Of Black Folk, By B. Dubois1673 Words   |  7 Pagesways. However, in terms of race, the answer to this question was similar among most African Americans. Living like they are a problem, consists of a majority of their lives. Different documents ranging from 1903 to our present day in 2015 mirror this same ideology. People such as W.E.B DuBois, Anne Moody, Martin Luther King Jr., and Barack Obama, expressed the same concern. Many people in our society, past and present, see being African American as a sign of inferiority. Race shouldn’t be the distinguishingRead MoreRace and Ethnic Stratification Essay1910 Words   |  8 Pagesbased on race and ethnicity. The views of people based on their skin color, place of origin, or their cultural background have caused a stratification of men and women. We now have majority and minority groups, hate groups, ethnic enclaves, segregation, income differences, and have even experienced mass genocide in our world (Carl, 2011). All of these are direct effects of a persons race or ethnicity. These all provide humans with a struggle between each other for various resources. Race and ethnicRead MoreCritically Assess Du Bois s Conception Of Double Consciousness1862 Words   |  8 Pageswill be concluded that double consciousness is something that extends far beyond the realm of race and despite increased multiculturalism and diversity, double consciousness is even more present now than it was during the times in which Du Bois was commenting. As such, whilst double consciousness may have the potential to be dissolved, at present it is still as relevant as it was during the 20th century. Du Bois’s conception of double consciousness is something heavily drawn upon throughout blackRead MoreAfrican Americans2313 Words   |  10 Pagesidentity through many historical movements. The 13th Amendment to the US Constitution officially abolished slavery and freed the slaves to make a life for themselves as the Reconstruction Period. During the Reconstruction Era (1867) African Americans still suffered hardships under the leadership of Andrew Johnson who became president after Lincoln had got assassinated in 1865. Andrew Johnson had no intention of helping the African Americans he wanted to punish the slaveholders in the South. AndrewRead MoreThe Sociology of Women: A Study4847 Words   |  19 Pageswith Disabilities: The Double Discrimination 5 Sex Segregation in the Workplace 6 The Fourth Wave of Feminism- Psychoanalytic Perspectives Introductory Remarks 7 The Social Construction of Sexuality 8 Masculinity as Homophobia Fear, Shame, and Silence in the Construction of Gender Identity 9 Homophobia as a Weapon of Sexism 10 Before Spring Break, the Anorexic Challenge 11 Oppression - Marilyn Frye 12 Personal Voices: Facing Up to Race 13 Income Gap between Men and Women 14 BrassRead MoreHistory Report : Racism Towards African Americans2138 Words   |  9 Pagesopposed it. The Civil War resulted in the freedom of all African Americans from their enslavement, however they were not granting them all their rights and liberties. From the end of the Civil war and the Civil Rights movements of the early 20th century to the issues that surround racism in our modern day and age, African Americans have been fighting to earn equality and put an end to racism. Overtime though racial acceptance has been slowly improving, racism towards minority groups, especiallyRead MoreCross Cultural Issues Between China and Usa3613 Words   |  15 PagesImpacts on tourism and hospitality industry 12 8.0 Conclusion 13 References 14 1.0 Background The evolution of mankind since prehistoric ages has led to the diversity of people and how people live their lives in the 21st century. The existence of different human race and different environment is the reason why people are so different from one another. Their external environments mould them into what they have become as of today. The ongoing development and recollection of customs which a

Literary Themes Of Narnia - 1318 Words

C.S Lewis created a magical, magnificently divine realm where the beauty of nature and its creatures comes to life. C.S Lewis did an extraordinary job in incorporating the major literary themes of Romanticism such as chaos, children, the others/outsider and imagination. Narnia strategically uses allegory, such as Christianity to take the reader on a journey that displays the message of young innocence, salvation, and hope. â€Å"Daughter of Eve...it is not something that I have done...I’m doing it now in this very moment† (Lewis 20). This quote was a very powerful and an important scene in Narnia. It sets the foundation of the conflict and displays the innocence and naive qualities in children, such as the character Lucy. Jesus loved a†¦show more content†¦The novel displays the balance between good and evil, loyalty and betrayal. Chapman believes that the Queens tyranny characteristics charged her hunger â€Å"to reduce all things to one dead level, to dra w them back into herself† (Chapman 5). Applying this statement towards the book, this tactic is exactly what the foul Witch hoped to accomplish with Edmund. The turkish delight that Edmund develops a desire for is a direct representation of gluttony. Gluttony is a vile sin that prevents a person of developing a spiritual healing, personal growth and development. Edmund is willing to do, say and betray anyone to the White Witch in order to get the sweet treats his little heart craves. Edmund betrayed his family...his own blood. Children tend to want things that they cannot have and think that they know everything when it comes to listening and taking orders from older siblings or adults. This was Edmunds problem. He used his need for power and status to fuel his motivation of hating and turning his back of his siblings. Sometimes people can not listen to what a wise person is trying to teach them, as a result they must learn for themselves. When the White Witch turned around an d betrayed Edmund, he got the wake up call he needed. This situation changed him for the better because he became humble and selfless. Edmunds character served a hidden Christian message of redemption and discovering salvation for his transgressions. No matter how far from theShow MoreRelatedSymbolism Between C.S. Lewis ´ The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe and The New Testament in the Bible1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe symbolism between C.S. Lewis’ The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe, the fourth book in The Chronicles of Narnia, and the New Testament in the Bible, particularly the account of Jesus’ death is not merely coincidental because The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe is, in fact, an allegory. An allegory is a story with morals in which characters, plots and settings are used as symbols. The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe, by C.S. Lewis is rich with Christian symbolism even though the allegoricalRead MoreLiterary Analysis : The Lion, The Witch And The Wa rdrobe, Byc.s Lewis?1266 Words   |  6 Pages Authors use literary devices as tools throughout their novels, each in a variety of situations, serving various purposes. One of C.S Lewis notable attributes was his consistent use of religion throughout his work. Which thus begs the question: What is the literary function of religious allegory in the novel, The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, by C.S Lewis? As, perhaps arguably, his most famous novel, from his most famous book series, The Chronicles of Narnia, there has been much debate asRead MoreThe Lion, The Witch And The Wardrobe1599 Words   |  7 Pages I have chosen to discuss a book written by C.S. Lewis; The Chronicles Of Narnia, The Lion, The Witch And The Wardrobe which was published in October 1950. It was adapted into a film by Disney in 2005 and directed by Andrew Adamson. Hutcheon writes that, ‘Adaptations are everywhere today: on television and movie screen, on the musical and dramatic stage, on the Internet, in novels and comic books, in your nearest theme park and video arcade. A certain level of self-consciousness about – and perhapsRead MoreThe Value of Genesis1127 Words   |  5 Pageswhat about the other books, such as those from the Bible? These are usually regarded as too religious to have any relations to life, but that is not necessarily true. Take, for example, Genesis. Although it is thousands of years old, the stories, themes, and modern-day allusions contained within it can still apply to everyday life- even to those teenagers who feel disconnected from this book. To begin with, many stories in Genesis relate closely to books that exist today. In fact, some of themRead More Harry Potter is a Classic Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pagesof Narnia or Great Expectations? Does Harry Potter have what it takes to be worthwhile to teach in schools, or is it just a temporary fad that individuals will look back on and remark: â€Å"Oh yeah, I remember when those books were popular?† The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines â€Å"classic† as â€Å"a work of enduring excellence.† Harry Potter’s popularity has lasted since 1998, when the first book came out. Granted Harry Potter is a series, but seven years is a long time for a book or literary pieceRead MoreThe Value of Genesis1059 Words   |  5 Pageslives with much more ease- even though some books in the Bible can actually connect more to life than some of these other ‘relative’ works. Take, for example, the book of Genesis. Although written and published thousands of years ago, the stories, themes, and modern-day allusions contained within it can still apply to everyday life- even to those who feel as if they are detached from it. To begin with, many of the stories chronicled in Genesis relate closely to books that exist today. In fact, someRead MoreThe Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe Christian Themes Essay2025 Words   |  9 Pagesbrilliant author known for his fictional novels as well as his Christian apologetics works. Religion was a large part of his life, and he utilized such themes throughout his fiction books. The first book in The Chronicles of Narnia series, The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, exemplifies such overlap. Lewis inserted fundamental Christian themes into this novel, allowing his religion to influence his work. C. S. Lewis creates Christian entities within his book due to his own coming into religionRead MoreThe Chronicles Of Narni The Lion, The Witch, And The Wardrobe1888 Words   |  8 PagesThe Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe is about four children discovering an alternate universe and attempting to defeat evil (the White Witch) with the help of the Christ-like figure, Aslan. The time of the book is set during World War II in England. The four Pevensie children, Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy go to live in a professor’s house in order to escape war-time. The children soon discover Narnia, an alternate universe with talking creatures and a time-zone muchRead MoreThe Effects Of Children s Literature On Kids1512 Words   |  7 Pageslooking for that â€Å"vicarious pleasure†, the adult may critically analyze the words in the text. Tatar refers to a situation between Anne Fadiman—a literary author and essayist—and her son, whom she reads to. They were both reading C.S. Lewis’s The Horse and His Boy, which is the fifth of seven books in the very popular series, The Chronicles of Narnia. According to Tatar, the racial issues within the book troubled Fadiman, while her son was still fascinating with the novel, unobservant to the factRead MoreEssay on The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe by C.S. Lewis2922 Words   |  12 Pagesthree points of philosophy, themes, and symbolism throughout his writing. Lewis was a strong Christian man, and wanted to make children see and understand all the stories of the Bible. Therefore, he put Christian elements through his books, but with fantasy characters as well. Especially in this story, Lewis conveys the differences between good and evil. Aslan is represented as Christ just as the White Witch represents the sense of evil. Lewis wrote several books in this Narnia series, but The Lion, the

Moby Dick Free Essays

Moby Dick is a story about man’s abiding fascination and struggle with the sea, and his desire to unravel the mysteries of the deep. The sea in Herman Melville’s 1851 novel becomes the context within which the author explores profound and universal themes about life and living. The story tells the story of vengeful captain as seen through he a stowaway sailor, Ishmael, who wanders and aboards the whaling ship, Pequod. We will write a custom essay sample on Moby Dick or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Pequod is commandeered by a certain Captain Ahab, whom Ishmael meets only when the Pequod has gone to sea. Later on, Ishmael realizes that Captain Ahab has more sinister plans which went beyond simple commercial endeavors. While the Pequod is a whaling ship and her crew is supposed to catch whales for trade, Captian Ahab intends to use the ship and her crew to exact vengeance on a whale that has gravely injured and disfigured him. The whale’s name is Moby Dick, and the novel revolves around Ahab’s chase for this great creature amid the vast and unforgiving sea, as seen through the eyes of young Ishmael. Ishmael plays no actual role in the unfolding of the story; rather, he serves as the author’s narrator and the instrument by which the author expresses his profound musings on whales, whaling, and whalers and the relationships that each has to the other. Much scholarly discussion has been made on Moby Dick and the underlying themes that buttress the story. As such, this paper intends to take on the story and frame the analysis within the context of one specific passage in the book. The particular quote goes:  Perhaps they were; or perhaps there might have been shoals of them in the far horizon; but lulled into such an opium-like listlessness of vacant, unconscious reverie is this absent-minded youth by the blending cadence of waves with thoughts, that at last he loses his identity; takes the mystic oceans at his feet for the visible image of that deep, blue, bottomless soul, pervading mankind and nature; and every strange, half-seen, gliding, beautiful thing that eludes him; every dimly-discovered, up-rising fin of some indiscernible form, seems to him the embodiment of those elusive thoughts that only people the soul by continually flitting through it. (p. 152) These words were told by an experienced whaler to a young and impressionable lad, like an old man passing on his wisdom and life experiences to the next generation, in the hopes that they might glean valuable lessons from it. The whaler notices that the young sailor has been going out to sea for three years already, without catching a single whale all those times. Thus the whaler goes to reflect on the elusive whale and the seemingly endless search for them. â€Å"Perhaps they were; or perhaps there might have been shoals of them in the far horizon†¦Ã¢â‚¬  At first sight and given the context of the book, it is obvious that the whaler is talking about whales in this line. The whaler waxes about the vastness of the ocean and that somewhere in this immense space lie an abundance of whales, whales which he has spent all his life hunting. However upon deeper analysis, one can see that the whaler is not just talking about whales. He is waxing about one’s search for dreams and the hopes for a better life, and that one can spend a lifetime chasing without ever catching those precious dreams. On the other hand, those who remain true to the chase and never turn their back on the sea will eventually be rewarded by a harvest of fulfilled dreams. †¦But lulled into such an opium-like listlessness of vacant, unconscious reverie is this absent-minded youth by the blending cadence of waves with thoughts, that at last he loses his identity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Again the whaler speaks of whales and why most of them are hard to find. The whaler speaks of those who lose themselves in the vastness of the sea because of their youth and lack of direction. This perhaps is a veiled warning to the young sailor that life can be misleading and deceitful, and those who are too reckless may find themselves irretrievably lost. †¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Takes the mystic oceans at his feet for the visible image of that deep, blue, bottomless soul, pervading mankind and nature; and every strange, half-seen, gliding, beautiful thing that eludes him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Here the whaler explains why whales can get lost. The whales are tempted by reckless instincts to explore the unknown. Enticed by the mysteries and beauties of the deep, the whale may be coaxed into plunging into deep waters where he is not equipped with the capacity to survive. Whales, being mammals, need oxygen to breathe, and as such, they need to break the surface of the water every once in a while. When whales go too deep or explore too far, their oxygen reserves may run out too soon, and they run out of air before they can swim to the surface. Young whales that are too reckless drown because they gave in to the temptations of the deep. In contrast, older whales, wiser and more experienced, know how far they can go in the ocean. Again the whaler may very well be waxing about life, and how the impudence and lack of respect for the sea can lead sailors and whales alike to the eternal embrace of the ocean’s depths. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ Every dimly-discovered, up-rising fin of some indiscernible form seems to him the embodiment of those elusive thoughts that only people the soul by continually flitting through it.† This again is an elaboration of the deceitful nature of appearances; that physical forms almost always belie its true nature. Often the ones that come in the most attractive guises are those that are the most destructive in life, and whales, just like humans are tempted just the same. The passage discussed in this paper symbolizes the very essence of what the novel is about. It talks about youth and dreams, and how such can be easily lost and wasted. It also talks about how whales, just like humans, can fall into the illusion of invincibility and fall prey to all kinds of temptations. The quote is also representative of man’s constant struggle to understand and tame nature. The whales, as described by the veteran whaler, are abundant, but given the vastness of the sea, are hard to find. The whales are also symbolic of all the things that we are obsessed about, regardless of whether it is a futile chase or not. As Ishmael said, â€Å"There is, one knows not what sweet mystery about this sea, whose gently awful stirrings seem to speak of some hidden soul beneath†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (361) Perhaps, the whaler as he was saying those words is also waxing about his own life, and how it once was so full of promise. In the same token, he might also be talking about Captain Ahab and how he has lost himself in the empty pursuit of revenge. The line which describes how whales may be lost may be representative of Ahab’s own disregard for his life and those of his crew; he is consumed with the desire to exact revenge, and he will never find rest until he meets the whale once again. In that sense he is lost and drowning in his blind obsession with vengeance. The passage encapsulates the tremendous scope of Moby Dick as it tackles simultaneous social, religious, and personal issues all in one novel. While the book is a story of adventure and a chronicle at sea, it is a tale of life and all the wonderful and terrifying things about it.   That the quote being analyzed in this paper lends itself to so many interpretations speaks of the character of the novel itself. Moby Dick can be different things to different people. A person’s interpretation of the book also depends on their current situation and their perception of the story changes when their situation changes as well. Moby Dick is largely heterogeneous and mutable, constantly shifting and redefining itself (Brodhead 4) and does not lend itself to be limited to a particular literary genre. And the fact that it succeeds at being elusive, is a part of the character of the novel itself. Like the elusive Moby Dick, the novel itself is indefinable in the immensity of its scope. However, while the novel tackles a myriad of themes, his choice of the sea as the general setting is explained in Ishmael’s words, â€Å"If they but knew it, almost all men in their degree, some time or other, cherish very nearly the same feelings towards the ocean with me.† (14) Indeed, the sea’s appeal is universal and it touches to some basic aspect of our common humanity. By the sea, we feel intimations of our smallness and greatness all at the same time. Indeed, the book Moby Dick is filled with veiled and not-so-veiled philosophical musings about life and living. The sea has always been considered symbolic of life and its hidden meanings and challenges. Moby Dick, while fictional is not a product of the author’s imagination. Herman Melville knew what he was talking about, having worked in a whaling ship when he was twenty-one years old. Herman, just like Ishmael, feels like an outsider of life, an outcast because of the circumstances of his lowly birth. It has often been said that Ishmael is Herman’s alter ego, through which Herman was able to express himself and all his thoughts about his life. The sea in Herman Melville’s Moby Dick represents life, in all its magnificence and enormity and the beauty and dangers that lie in its surface. Like Ahab, we all long to master our ship and triumph over the monsters of the deep. Not because of sheer folly but because of our fundamental need to understand the unknown. References Melville, Herman. Moby Dick. Plain Label Books. 1851.Retrieved on December 13, 2007 from https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=cYKYYypj8UACprintsec=frontcoverdq=moby+dickredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=moby%20dickf=false. Brodhead, Richard. New Essays on Moby-Dick. Cambridge University Press. 1986. How to cite Moby Dick, Essay examples

The Color Purple Essay Example

The Color Purple Paper Compare how Celie and Jeanette deal with the influence of Mr. ____ and Mother in The Color Purple and Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit. Refer to the way structure and language demonstrates their resilience. Both protagonists seek others for the comfort they are lacking from Mr. ___ and Mother, yet neither Shug nor Melanie or Katy are able to truly compensate for what they have lost. Shugs abandonment of Celie appears to hurt her more than Mr. ____s physical abuse ever did: My heart broke. Shug love somebody else. Celie does not need to be well educated, and Walkers language does not need to be sophisticated to show the pain that Celie is feeling. These two short sentences create enormous impact, particularly as they open one of the letters/prayers. It also evokes more sympathy here from the reader because of how much Shug means to Celie, My life stop with Mr. ___ but start up again with Shug. Celie, like Jeanette, loses little when her primary caregiver is insensitive, yet loses everything when her soul mate is, I feel my heart begin to cramp I cover it with my hand. This gesture is so achingly poignant because of its simplicity, and because it is so child-like; Celie has not been taught any other way to cope. Wintersons description, though more detailed, describes a strikingly similar reaction to loss from Jeanette: We cried each other to sleep sweating and crying with mixed up bodies and swollen faces. It is unsurprising that both characters react almost identically when suffering, due to not receiving the physical comfort they deserve from those that should provide it. We will write a custom essay sample on The Color Purple specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Color Purple specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Color Purple specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer There is no doubt, however, that finding this comfort from another source does help Jeanette and Celie, even if it is only temporary, I was delighted. She was my friend, and I wasnt used to that. This is particularly true in The Color Purple: Shug, throughout the novel, gives Celie passion, confidence, and reassurance, For the first time in my life, I feel just right and is everything that Mr. ____ is not. Walkers novel is so powerful because of the development we see in Celie, essentially because of Shugs support. At the beginning, Celie is fragile, with little optimism, yet after Shug, Nettie and Sofia act as inspiration, she is able to confront Mr. _____: Your dead body just the welcome mat I need. This is such a contrast to Celies earlier behaviour, but shows resilience rather than reluctant acceptance. Although not to the same degree, Jeanette finds similar physical comfort in Melanie that she lacks in her mother: We never usually touched except in anger. Melanie, Katy and Miss Jewsbury however, are not inspiration for Jeanette, but merely figures in her life that will offer comfort. Celie and Jeanette differ in terms of confidence, yet not in their need for support: Knowing Melanie was a much happier thing I needed that kind of friend. Here, Winterson could be suggesting that Jeanette even recognised that she was lacking that kind of friend, which is not unlikely, as Jeanettes language displays a certain wise, tolerant quality throughout the novel. The use of the adjective much happier clearly shows the positive influence Melanie has, and that Jeanette still believed that their relationship, in hindsight, was worthwhile. Escapism forms a large part of Celie and Jeanettes ability to be resilient; through faith or fantasy, both characters find a way of distracting themselves from their undesirable reality: Most times I pretend I aint there. Celies letters/prayers are evidence enough of her frequent escapism, and writing to God or Nettie is used as a release. Jeanette however, uses fairy tales and symbolic stories to express herself. The enormity of Mothers influence on Jeanette is shown in the way even the fictional characters she creates are based on reality. Even in fantasy, she cannot truly escape. The novel contains several references to accounts of Sir Perceval leaving King Arthur, as well as a princes quest to find the perfect woman. The latter is clearly representative of Mother wanting Jeanette to be a saviour: She would get a child, train it, build it, dedicate it to the Lord. This language is not typical of a mothers to a child, but rather describing some construction project; the child is not described as human, with specific and specialised needs, but instead an object to be put through a process. The verb train is not usually associated with motherhood, but has more military connotations, suggesting a definite lack of affection from Mother that is acknowledged by Jeanette. Jeanette also refers to characters in literature as role-models, something Celie is unable to do because of her lack of education, So I was alone. I thought of Jane Eyre, who faced many trials and was always brave. Similarly to the unrealistic expectations her mother has of her, Jeanette is basing her behaviour on a fictional character, expecting too much of herself: I want a woman who is perfect. This is unusually nai ve of Jeanette, a typically objective character who seems far wiser than her years at times, but does show how her Mother has influenced her in terms of striving for something impossibly out of reach, It must exist because I want it. The desperation for perfection shown with the use of the modal verb must fully conveys the pressure Jeanette is under to conform to her mothers ideals. Escaping into a fantasy world is her only real opportunity to attempt to remain resilient. One significant difference between the narrative voices in the two novels is the pressure they face to rebel or conform. While Celie is constantly being berated for not standing up to Mr. ____, Jeanette faces harsh criticism for straying from the strict boundaries of her religion: Youre a disgrace. Both protagonists eventually concede to this pressure, and Celie grows in strength while Jeanette accepts that arguing achieves nothing: No mum, I replied, its not like that at all. But she wasnt listening. This significant lapse in communication is disappointing in a relationship that should be as close and supportive as that of a mother and daughter, and evokes sympathy from the reader towards Jeanettes character, as well as hostility for the character of Mother. Even Jeanettes fantasies reflect her reluctance to argue with Mother: anyone who disagrees with the Prince, her fantasy parallel, is beheaded. Unlike Celies feelings for Mr. ____, Jeanette does not speak about being in fear of her mother, but rather accepts that confrontation is not effective: Well thats that then, I thought. And it was. The fact that Jeanette, as the narrative voice, can confirm that her earlier thoughts were correct, shows how often she must experience this. It also reflects a certain maturity at being able to assess a situation, and walk away if it cannot be resolved. Her explanation of Pastor Finchs whereabouts even shows wit at such a young age: playing with the fuzzy felt, adding this embarrassing detail purely to show her maturity and eye for humour over the Pastor. The use of first person narrative allows us to clearly see how Jeanette and Celie are finding ways of coping. Surprisingly, there is almost no use of denial by either protagonist: a typical coping technique. They are both very honest, and this narrative structure allows the reader to see their genuine feelings, with no reason to hide anything. Jeanettes reaction to Pastor Finch is not truthful; she does not tell him that she was just beginning to enjoy a rewrite of Daniel in the lions den, but instead acts as if it was a mistake, putting on my best, blessed face. The adjective best could even suggest that she is so used to these situations that she has been practising, and now knows which one is the most effective. She is used to the behaviour of the adults in her life, and has learnt that protesting will only get her into more trouble. One key contrast between Celie and Jeanette is their self-confidence. Jeanette, although defeatist at times, does seem to realise her potential, and is rarely self-pitying: I cannot recall a time when I did not know that I was special. Celie, however, has a clear association between women and oppression, one that is only reinforced by the appalling treatment of Sofia, and one that doesnt ever seem to truly leave her. Her perceptive observation of Harpo emphasises this association: He strong in body but weak in will. He scared. His eyes be sad and thoughtful. His face begin to look like a woman face. The detail of this description suggests that Celie recognises so much of herself in Harpo, the last line being particularly moving. It implies that through her experience, and Mr. ____s influence, sadness has been inextricably linked to being a woman, particularly through the use of the verb begin. Harpos fear and dejection is only one aspect of the emotional isolation that Celie feels, making the reader question exactly what a woman face looks like to Celie, if fear and sadness form only the foundation. The protagonists love interests are both rude when they are first introduced, yet neither Celie nor Jeanette are discouraged by Melanies Ive said no and Shugs You sure is ugly, despite their blunt and abrasive tone. Mr. ___ and Mothers constant emotional abuse leaves them expecting a lack of emotional support in a relationship, and results in them accepting that society will always treat them like this: There was nothing for me to do but contemplate my fate and lie still. The use of the verb contemplate links to Jeanettes reliance on prayer, and the fact that there is nothing for her to do but be passive, emphasises that this is all she knows, and is the only comfort she can receive. Religion plays such a significant part in both novels, as both an explanation for the behaviour of many of the characters, and a form of escapism for the two protagonists. Celie turns to God for comfort, whereas Jeanette turns because she is forced to: [I had] enrage[d] my mother because I had abandoned biblical themes. There rarely seems to be a sense of real therapy or enjoyment from Jeanette when reading the Bible, or learning about biblical stories, and instead she often adapts them, making her own versions. This could be showing that she doesnt want to conform to one idea of coping with their emotional abuse, or one set of beliefs: I had all kinds of variations, but usually I drowned it. The use of casual violence connected on more than one occasion with these innocent biblical stories is humorous in places, yet conveys the stark message that Jeanette feels some sense of anger towards the people who are forcing her to believe these tales, and base her life around them. Pastor Finch even turns something as insignificant as Jeanettes age into a religious warning: The demon can return SEVENFOLD. Similarly, the incident with the fuzzy felt is evidence of how religion stifles Jeanettes imagination, and because her mother follows it so closely, she is as afraid as Pastor Finch is of over-crossing the boundaries, But thats not right Lets put it right shall we? He puts the importance of copying the exact biblical image before the actual enjoyment for Jeanette, emphasising how patronising and controlling she views them as. Celie, however, is able to appreciate the value of faith because it is never imposed on her: All this week I suffer. I turn to prayer. The verb turn emphasises how it is an escape for Celie, and that she is turning from something that is distressing. There is also no self-pity from her here, but simply I suffer in the description of her pain, without any detailed melodrama. This conveys a real resilience from Celie: that she is able to move on without dwelling on the past. Unlike Jeanette, she finds a life without religion difficult, and needs faith to struggle through, But it aint easy trying to do without God. Even if you know he aint there, trying to do without him is a strain. One technique Celie certainly uses to deal with Mr. ___s influence is to deflect her pain by ensuring she is not the only victim: Beat her. I say. When she tells Harpo to beat Sofia, the reader sees an unfamiliar Celie, one with malice. However, her inability to allow it to leave her conscience stops the reader from ever really altering their respect or admiration for Celies character, particularly when she justifies her behaviour: I say it cause Im a fool, I say. I say it cause Im jealous of you, I say it cause you do what I cant. Fight. At this point in the novel, Celie is not strong enough to fight Mr. ____, and so uses Sofia as a proxy. The repetition of I say shows Celies anxiety and evident uneasiness with being this cruel, though her behaviour is not unforgivable, given the trauma she has suffered, and her hasty change in attitude: You still bothering Sofia? Sofia love you. I dont know what more you want. Like her mother, Jeanette begins to enforce religious ideas on the people around her, and instead of being praised like she would be at home, she is criticised at school: You have been talking about Hell to young minds. It seems to be saying that despite this very Christian idea of hell, telling young children about it is wrong for fear it might corrupt them. The phrase, young minds implies this, in the way that they could be moulded, perhaps suggesting a fear of Satanism within society, which is certainly reflected throughout the novel: Parents, watch your children for the signs. This is also ironic in that a religious idea is not fit for exposure to a young, pure, mind, and contrasts with so much of Mothers behaviour, Whatever it is, its not holy. There is the sense, with both novels, that society plays a major part in Celie and Jeanettes lack of freedom: All my life I had to fight. The two protagonists are not the only ones experiencing this kind of oppression, nor are Mr. and Mother the only ones enforcing it. In Jeanettes case, it is her religions boundaries that restrict her, and with Celie, it is the social ones. Mother and Mr. ____ are merely representative of the figures in society that are so controlling, and are certainly not rare. This explains, in part, why there is so little abhorrence felt by the protagonists towards Mr. ___ and Mother. They are not used to being treated any differently, and so ultimately, instead of trying to physically escape, both characters learn to be resilient: Im pore, Im black, I may be ugly but Im here.